wiki 2nd generation programming language list

This article covers the history of computer software products from their infancy in the 1950s, through their adolescence starting in the late 1960s, until their present maturity and continued growth. John Von Neumann’s brilliant concept of a stored program led to the modern computer software products industry. Software comes in two principal flavors: custom programs for a specific customer’s use and software products for use by multiple customers. Hardware is what we see, but it is the intangible 0s and 1s that represent the billions of lines of software instructions that make the hardware valuable. While hardware provides the physical capability, software provides the brains that carry out useful work. They are so interconnected that if either were to disappear, the other could not survive. If software fails, lights go out, motorized transport is impaired, phone and Internet communication doesn’t work, financial transactions can be frozen, and manufacturing and business operations are severely affected.Ĭomputer hardware and computer software are like Siamese twins.

They are central to our lives, yet we don’t think about them except when they fail to operate. Software products are critical to commercial, social, governmental, and entertainment activities throughout the world. The software industry evolved from its beginnings in the late 1960s to become an economic giant providing United States employment alone for more than four million people and generating income of over $640 billion in 2012. 10.1 References of Historical Significance.7 Networks, Internet, World Wide Web, and Other Software Platforms: 1984-2012.6 Microcomputers and Personal Computers: 1977-2012.5 Minicomputers and Midrange Computers: 1959-1990.4 Mainframe Computers, 3rd Generation: 1964-1985.3 Mainframe Computers, 1st and 2nd Generation: 1951-1963.

Wiki 2nd generation programming language list